How Prop Trading Works: A Step-by-Step Guide for New Traders
Proprietary trading, or prop trading, might sound like an insider term from Wall Street, but it’s becoming increasingly popular, especially among ambitious new traders. By definition, prop trading occurs when firms trade with their own money instead of handling customer investments. This guide provides a simple, step-by-step explanation of how prop trading works and why aspiring traders should consider it a valuable career path.
What is Prop Trading?
Prop trading firms use their own capital to trade in financial markets, aiming to make a profit. Unlike traditional brokerage models where client portfolios are prioritized, proprietary trading teams focus solely on using company funds to seize lucrative market opportunities. It’s high stakes but offers exceptional earning potential.
For traders, these firms provide a chance to trade significant amounts of capital without risking personal funds. The firm takes on the financial risks, letting you focus on market strategy and skill.
Step 1: Join a Prop Trading Firm
New traders typically need to join a prop trading firm to start. Firms like Jane Street, SMB Capital, or Maverick Trading recruit individuals with promising analytical skills and interest in the markets. Most firms require an application process, and some even provide in-depth training to help traders refine their strategies.
Often, traders begin in a structured environment under the guidance of seasoned mentors. This helps them grow their skills while working within the risk parameters set by the firm.
Step 2: Use the Firm’s Capital to Trade
Once approved, you’ll gain access to a trading account funded by the firm. The amount depends on your trading style and the firm’s capital allocation policy. You’ll typically encounter rules regarding which assets you can trade (equities, forex, options, etc.) and the leverage available to you.
While the firm takes on the financial risk, they share profits with traders through an agreed-upon profit split, often ranging between 50% and 80% to the trader.
Step 3: Refine and Repeat Strategy
Since the goal in prop trading is beating market performance, you’ll need to focus on improving your strategies over time. Prop firms rely on innovative tactics, custom software, and data analysis to maintain their market edge. The more consistently profitable you become, the more capital you’ll be entrusted with.
Why Is Prop Trading Trending?
The appeal of prop trading lies in its profit potential and competitive environment. Unlike retail trading, where individual investors can lose significant personal funds, prop trading eliminates that risk while offering access to advanced trading tools and capital.